There are many kinds of rubber products, and there are many vulcanization methods, which can be classified according to the type of equipment used, the type of heating medium, and the vulcanization process method.
(1) Room temperature vulcanization method
Vulcanization is carried out at normal temperature and pressure.
application:
1. Adhesive; 2. Room temperature vulcanized glue
(2) Cold vulcanization method
It is mostly used for dipping vulcanization of film products.
The products vulcanized by this method have poor aging performance and are rarely used at present.
(3) Hot vulcanization method
1. direct vulcanization
(1) Hot water vulcanization method
(2) Direct steam vulcanization tank vulcanization method
(3) Hot air vulcanization
2. Indirect vulcanization
3. pressurized vulcanization
(1) Press vulcanization method
(2) Tank vulcanizing machine vulcanization method
(3) Individual vulcanizing machine vulcanization method
(4) Continuous vulcanization method
1. Drum vulcanizer vulcanization method
2. Hot air continuous vulcanization
It is an atmospheric vulcanization method, mainly used for vulcanizing rain cloth and latex products.
Features: The product is continuously heated and vulcanized through the vulcanization chamber. The vulcanization chamber is divided into three sections, the first section is preheating and heating, the second section is constant temperature vulcanization, and the third section is cooling.
The curing chamber can be heated by indirect steam or electricity.
3. Pipe Vulcanization
4. Liquid medium continuous vulcanization method
5. Infrared vulcanization
Infrared vulcanization is heated by an infrared radiation vulcanization box, so that the product is heated by radiation between the infrared heating sources.
Infrared vulcanization is suitable for thin-walled products such as latex products, rain cloths, and sealing strips.
6. Ebullated Bed Vulcanization
The construction principle of the fluidized bed is similar to that of the liquid vulcanization tank, and the suspension system composed of solid and gas is stored in the bed.
Advantages of fluidized bed vulcanization: high heat transfer capacity; uniform heating; higher temperature limit and chemical inertness than liquid media; safe operation; no contamination of finished products and simplified cleaning procedures.
In addition to being used for vulcanized rubber products, the fluidized bed can also be used for the preheating of metals, fabrics, blanks and models and the drying of raw materials. Ebullated bed vulcanization is widely used in the continuous vulcanization of coreless products, such as sponge strips, door and window strips, rubber ropes, rubber strips and special-shaped extruded products, wires, cables, pure rubber tubes, film products, etc.
7. Microwave preheating hot air vulcanization method
The microwave preheating hot air vulcanization method is that the extruded products are first preheated by microwave, and then enter the hot air pipeline for vulcanization.
Microwave usually refers to electromagnetic waves with a frequency between 300~30000MHz. It only takes 30~40s to raise the temperature of the rubber compound from 90°C to 190°C.
Features: The microwave preheating hot air vulcanization method can be used for the vulcanization of thick products. High frequency microwave vulcanization can also be used for the vulcanization of thick products. It has the advantages of high frequency, small footprint and clean products, and is suitable for products of various sizes and complex cross-sectional configurations. It can be used for continuous vulcanization of tapes, hoses and wires.
8. Continuous vulcanization by electron beam irradiation
It is to irradiate semi-finished rubber products with high-speed electron beams emitted by electron beam devices to ionize and activate the rubber materials and generate cross-linking reactions.
Advantages: rapid and continuous vulcanization at room temperature; the degree of cross-linking can be achieved by adjusting the energy of the electron beam, and the operation is simple.
Electron beam vulcanization can be used for a variety of products, such as tires, hoses, wires, and waterproofing membranes. The compound can also be lightly pre-vulcanized by electron beam irradiation to ensure its forming stiffness.
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