1. Operating oil viscosity. The higher the viscosity of the operating oil, the more viscous the oil will be. The operating oil will affect the processing performance of the rubber compound and the physical properties of the vulcanizate. The use of low viscosity operating oil has good lubricating effect and improved cold resistance, but the volatilization loss during processing is large. When the flash point is lower than 180 °C, the volatilization loss is greater, and special attention should be paid.
The viscosity of the operating oil has a great relationship with the temperature. The viscosity is higher at low temperature, so the properties of the oil have a great influence on the low temperature performance of the vulcanizate. The low temperature performance of the vulcanizate can be obtained by using oil with a small change in viscosity (kinematic viscosity at -18°C) at low temperature. improve. The viscosity of high aromatic oils is more temperature dependent than paraffin oils.
The viscosity of the operating oil is related to the heat generation of the vulcanizate, and the heat generation of rubber products using high-viscosity oil is higher. At the same viscosity, the heat generation of aromatic oils is low. The tensile strength and elongation increase with the increase of oil viscosity, and the flexural flexibility becomes better, but the constant elongation stress becomes smaller. Oils of the same viscosity, if added in equal volumes, can achieve higher elongation than saturated oils.
2. Relative density In the petroleum industry, the relative density at 60°C is usually measured. The relative density of rubber processing oils is important when rubber products are sold by weight. Typically, the relative density of aromatic oils is greater than that of paraffinic and naphthenic oils. Rubber processing oils are often sold by volume, while in rubber processing they are formulated by weight.
3. Aniline point After adding 5-10ml of aniline to the inner line of the test tube, add the same volume of sample, and then heat from the bottom until a uniform and transparent solution appears. The temperature at this time is called the aniline point of the oil. Aromatic hydrocarbon plasticizers have the closest molecular structure to aniline and are easily soluble in it, so the aniline point is the lowest. Oils with a low aniline point have good compatibility with diene rubbers, and there is no blooming phenomenon when a large amount is added. On the contrary, oils with high aniline points need to be miscible with raw rubber at high temperature, so they are easy to spray out of the surface when the temperature is lowered. The level of the aniline point of the operating oil is essentially a sign of the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the oil. Generally speaking, the operating oil aniline point is more suitable in the range of 35-115℃.
4. Pour Point (Pour Point) Pour point is the lowest temperature at which flow and pouring can be maintained. This characteristic can indicate suitability for the process temperature at which the article operates.
5. Flash point is the temperature at which a mixture of sufficient vapor and air can be released to be ignited under standard test conditions. The flash point of process oil is directly related to rubber vulcanization, storage and fire prevention, and it can also measure the volatility of process oil.
6. Neutralization value The neutralization value is a measure of the acidity of the operating oil, and the acidity can cause a significant delay in the vulcanization rate of the rubber. The neutralization value can be expressed in milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the acid content of 1 gram of process oil.In addition, the refractive index, appearance color, and volatile matter of the oil can also reflect its composition.
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